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你是“入不敷出族”還是“高薪族”
發(fā)布日期:2017-04-28 :: 瀏覽數:1678 次 信息來(lái)源:
The 1980s had the 'yuppies' and the 'nouveau riche', the 1990s had the 'Mondeo man' and the 2000s hadthe 'chav'.
上世紀80年代有“雅皮士”和“暴發(fā)戶(hù)”,90年代有“蒙迪歐先生”,本世紀又出現了“沙韋”。
Each decade has its cultural stereotypes andaccording to new research, there are now sevenmodern day wealth tribes in Britain.
每個(gè)年代都有其文化定勢,而根據最新調查顯示,針對現今英國的經(jīng)濟階層,有七種文化定勢。
Channel 5 has commissioned The Economist toconduct research into Britain’s wealth divide and they created categories of people thatdescribe 21st-century Britain - so which one do you fall into?
第五頻道請《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》對英國財富劃分進(jìn)行調查,他們認為,21世紀的英國人可以分為不同種類(lèi),那么你屬于哪類(lèi)?
The seven categories show that while some people are doing very well for themselves, othershave not seen much pay growth in recent years.
這七種類(lèi)型的劃分表明,雖然有些人過(guò)得不錯,但也有些人近些年來(lái)薪水沒(méi)怎么增長(cháng)。
Silver Spenders:
銀發(fā)消費族:
People over the age of 65 who are thriving. Researchers estimate that there are 1.5m silverspenders, with an average household disposable income of £45,000, well above the overallBritish average of £34,000.
指65歲以上依然活躍的人群。研究人員估計,英國大約有150萬(wàn)銀發(fā)消費族,他們的平均家庭可支配收入達4.5萬(wàn)英鎊(約合39.6萬(wàn)元人民幣),遠高于英國總體平均3.4萬(wàn)英鎊的水平。
This category encapsulates how old people in Britain have in recent years done much betterthan young ones. One of the biggest trends in recent years is that pensioners’ incomes havegrown much faster than people of working age.
這一群體的出現說(shuō)明,近年來(lái)英國老年人的經(jīng)濟狀況比年輕人要好得多。近年來(lái)最明顯的趨勢之一,就是老年人退休收入增長(cháng)速度遠超在職人群。
The result is that pensioners have generally seen their living standards rise much faster thanworking-age households.
這就導致退休老年人生活水平的提升速度普遍高于在職人群家庭。
The Zero Heroes:
零時(shí)工族:
Those stuck on zero-hours contracts, making them feel insecure at work. Researchers estimatethat there are nearly 1m zero heroes, with an average hourly salary of £8.50, well below theBritish average of £12.
這類(lèi)人群沒(méi)有固定工作合同,因而工作時(shí)沒(méi)有安全感。調查人員估計,英國大約有一百萬(wàn)人打零工,平均時(shí)薪為8.5英鎊,遠低于英國平均12英鎊的水平。
In the minds of many Britons, the plight of zero-hour contractors is encapsulated by the ideathat someone who has worked hard at school still cannot find a secure job.
對許多英國人來(lái)說(shuō),零時(shí)工族的不幸是因為這些人都抱著(zhù)一個(gè)想法:即使有些人刻苦學(xué)習,也未必能找到安穩的工作。
Zero heroes might work in industries like the creative arts; it is common for advertising firms, for instance, to offer zero-hours contracts. They are also common in the hospitality sector inparticular, which needs to respond rapidly to fluctuations in demand.
打零工的人可能在創(chuàng )意藝術(shù)這類(lèi)的行業(yè)工作。比如,廣告公司普遍都會(huì )開(kāi)出臨時(shí)合同。接待部門(mén)的臨時(shí)工尤其普遍,因為這種部門(mén)客戶(hù)需求波動(dòng)大。
The zero heroes do not earn very much. Based on estimates from the Office for NationalStatistics, it is estimated that the average zero-hours worker earns roughly 30 percent less thanthe average employee.
打零工收入并不高。據英國國家統計局估算,臨時(shí)工平均收入比在職雇員平均收入約低30%。
The Static Civvies:
公務(wù)族:
Public-sector workers who have experienced a six-year-long pay squeeze. Britain probably has 1m static civvies, and though they earn more than the national average they are feeling thepinch: they haven't had a big pay rise in quite a while.
過(guò)去六年收入一直縮水的公共部門(mén)職工。英國約有100萬(wàn)名收入止步不前的公務(wù)員。盡管他們收入高于英國平均水平,但仍感到手頭緊張:他們已經(jīng)很久沒(méi)有大幅加薪了。
Particularly in more rural parts of the country, the richest people in the local area are oftenthose who work for the public sector. In parts of the Scottish Highlands, for instance, almost theonly people on six-figure salaries are public-sector workers. They are pillars of the community, spending plenty of money locally. But in recent months, these people have not fared particularlywell.
特別是在英國的鄉村地區,當地最富有的人通常都在公共部門(mén)工作。例如,在蘇格蘭高地的部分地區,幾乎所有收入達6位數的人都是公共部門(mén)的員工。他們是社會(huì )的支柱,很大程度上促進(jìn)了當地消費。但近幾個(gè)月,這些人的收入并不樂(lè )觀(guān)。
The Hawdies (Heads-Above-Water):
入不敷出族:
Families who have not seen a pay rise in a while and have little or no savings. There areprobably around 2.5m heads-above-water families, comprising 4m people. Their average incomeis around £27,000 per year.
不僅收入不見(jiàn)起色,存款也很少甚至根本沒(méi)有的家庭。英國大約有250萬(wàn)這樣的家庭,共400萬(wàn)人口。他們每年平均收入約2.7萬(wàn)英鎊。
This category describes families who are just-about-managing and struggling to get by. Theyare not Britain’s very poorest people; instead, they get most of their income from working in ajob (not from means-tested benefits).
入不敷出族艱難維持生活。他們并非英國最貧窮的人,他們大多數收入來(lái)源于工作。(而非補助金)
However, they hardly feel secure. If some unexpected charge came up - say, if their boilerstopped working or the car broke down - they might struggle to pay for it.
然而,他們幾乎沒(méi)什么安全感,如果有什么突如其來(lái)的變故,比如,熱水器或車(chē)壞了的話(huà),他們可能很難有錢(qián)來(lái)維修。
The Stucks (Struggling Urban Creatives):
創(chuàng )作族:
Educated folk, working in the London-based creative industries, who are getting by but whowill never afford a house. Researchers estimate that there are 350,000 of these people. Theyhave a low average salary but they do interesting work.
接受過(guò)教育,并在倫敦創(chuàng )意產(chǎn)業(yè)工作,勉強度日但永遠也買(mǎi)不起房子。調查估計,這類(lèi)人大約有35萬(wàn)。他們工資平均水平低,但他們的工作很有趣。
They are well educated, and they are in jobs which are fairly prestigious - they work forpublishers, or in the media, or in public relations. But they do not feel particularly prosperous. Most importantly for them, they struggle to get on the housing ladder.
他們都接受過(guò)良好的教育,工作領(lǐng)域都很有聲望——出版業(yè)、媒體、公共關(guān)系。然而他們并不覺(jué)得自己收入很高。最重要的是,他們要拼命努力才能買(mǎi)得起房子。
The Tech Set:
技術(shù)族:
These are the people working in Britain's thriving tech sector. Their jobs barely existed adecade ago; these are the vloggers, the programmers and the technicians behind companiessuch as Snapchat and Facebook. Experts estimate that their average salary is £44,000 peryear, well above the British average of £23,000.
這類(lèi)人在英國蒸蒸日上的科技部門(mén)工作。他們的職位在十年前幾乎都不存在。他們可能是視頻博主、程序員、Snapchat和Facebook這類(lèi)公司的技術(shù)人員。據專(zhuān)家估計,他們每年平均收入為4.4萬(wàn)英鎊,遠高于英國平均2.3萬(wàn)的水平。
The Charlies (Corporate, High earning Asset Rich and Luxury living):
高薪族:
Highly educated people, largely living in and around London, who work in finance or alliedtrades and are raking it in.
他們接受過(guò)高等教育,大多生活在倫敦或倫敦周邊,在金融或貿易領(lǐng)域工作,收入不菲。
There are around 500,000 top dogs and their average salary is high. They also have highsavings.
這類(lèi)高端人士大約有50萬(wàn)人,他們不僅平均收入非常高,而且有大量存款。
They work in a high-pressured environment, whereas nonetheless they have considerableautonomy and are allowed to be creative.
他們雖然在高壓環(huán)境下工作,但有很強的自主性,并且有發(fā)揮創(chuàng )造力的空間。